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FEATURES	COMPANY	OPC	LLP	PARTNERSHIP FIRM	SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP
Legal Structure & Regulatory Authority	Governed by the Companies Act; has a separate legal entity.	Governed by the Companies Act; a single-member entity.	Regulated by the LLP Act, a hybrid form combining elements of a private limited company and a partnership firm.	Governed by the Indian Partnership Act; not a separate legal entity.	Not a separate legal entity; owned by an individual.
Ownership	Owned by shareholders.	Owned by a single individual.	Owned by partners.	Owned by partners.	Owned by a single individual.
Min & Max Members	Public Company:Minimum: 3 Directors & 3 ShareholdersPrivate/Sec-8 Company: Minimum: 2 Directors & 2 ShareholdersMaximum: 15 Directors &200 shareholders	Minimum 1 member; can convert to a private company if paid-up capital exceeds a threshold.	Minimum 2 partners; no maximum limit.	Minimum 2 partners; maximum 50 Partners.	Single owner.
Liability Of Owners	Limited liability for shareholders.	Limited liability for the sole member.	Limited liability for partners.	Unlimited liability for partners.	Unlimited liability for the owner.
Formation Process & Time	Formal process involving MOA, AOA; time-consuming.	Simplified formation similar to a private company; less time-consuming.	Requires LLP Agreement; less formal than a company; moderate time.	Informal, created through a partnership deed; relatively quick.	Simplest form; no formal registration; quick.
Documentation	MOA, AOA, and various statutory documents.	Similar to a private company; fewer documents.	LLP Agreement, other required documents.	Partnership deed.	Minimal documentation.
Registration Cost & Compliance	Higher registration costs; extensive compliance.	Moderate registration costs; similar compliance to a private company.	Lower registration costs; lesser compliance than a company.	Relatively lower registration costs; moderate compliance.	Minimal registration costs; minimal compliance.
Common Seal Usage	Required and commonly used for official documents.	Optional, not mandatory.	Not required, often not used.	Not applicable, as partnership firms do not have a common seal.	Not applicable, as sole proprietors do not have a common seal.
Perpetual Succession	Has perpetual succession.	Perpetual succession maintained.	Has perpetual succession.	Does not have perpetual succession.	Does not have perpetual succession.
Management & Decision Making	Board of Directors and shareholders.	Sole member manages the company.	Partners or designated managers.	Partners collectively manage.	Sole proprietor makes decisions.
PAN	Company has its own PAN Number	OPC has its own PAN Number	LLP has its own PAN Number	Partnership firm has its own PAN Number	Use sole proprietor PAN number, no separate PAN required.
Brand Image	Generally viewed as more formal and stable.	Carries a corporate image.	Seen as a hybrid, combining features of companies and partnerships.	Image varies; often associated with traditional businesses.	Image may vary; often associated with small businesses.
Priority In Tenders	Often enjoys higher priority in tenders due to its established corporate structure and credibility.	May have a moderate standing, with priority depending on the project and bidding conditions.	Tends to have moderate priority, influenced by the LLP's reputation and track record.	Priority varies, usually based on the partners' credentials and the firm's past performance.	Generally has lower priority, as tenders may favor entities with a more formal organizational structure.
Ease Of Loan	Generally has easier access to loans due to its separate legal entity status and established credit history.	May face challenges as it is a relatively new concept, and lenders may perceive higher risk.	Loan accessibility is moderate, dependent on the LLP's financial standing and partners' creditworthiness.	Access to loans can be limited, relying heavily on the partners' personal creditworthiness.	Limited access to loans, typically tied to the proprietor's personal credit history.
Employee Stock Options (ESOPS)	Commonly used for employee incentives.	ESOPs are permitted.	ESOPs are allowed but less common.	Limited use of ESOPs.	ESOPs are not applicable.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)	Generally allows FDI under specified conditions.	May be subject to FDI restrictions.	Permits FDI in sectors allowed by the government.	FDI regulations may apply.	Limited FDI options.
Compliance Requirements	More extensive compliance requirements.	Similar compliance requirements as a private company.	Lesser compliance requirements compared to a company.	Relatively fewer compliance requirements.	Minimal compliance requirements.
Statutory Audits	Mandatory statutory audit of financial statements.	Statutory audit is required.	Mandatory if the annual turnover exceeds a specified limit.	Not mandatory; partners may opt for an audit.	Statutory audit is not required unless prescribed by specific laws.
Income Tax Rates	For Domestic Companies: Up to a turnover of INR 400 crore: 25% Over INR 400 crore: 30% (plus applicable surcharge and cess)For Foreign Companies: 40%(plus applicable surcharge and cess)	Taxed at the same rates as companies.	Taxed at a flat rate of 30% (plus applicable surcharge and cess)	Taxed at a flat rate of 30% (plus applicable surcharge and cess)	Taxed at individual income tax rates (applicable slab rates for individual taxpayers)
Transferability Of Ownership	Shares can be transferred.	Ownership transfer is restricted.	Ownership transfer is possible with the consent of partners.	Transfer of partnership interest requires consent.	Ownership is not transferable.
Conversion Process	Can convert to LLP or OPC, subject to approvals.	Can convert to a private company.	Can convert to a private company, and vice versa.	Can convert to an LLP or company.	Can be converted into a company or LLP.
Dissolution Process	Winding up involves complex legal processes.	Winding up can be initiated voluntarily or by the Tribunal.	Winding up can be voluntary or through the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).	Can be dissolved based on the partnership agreement.	Can be closed easily without complex legal procedures.

FEATURES	COMPANY	OPC	LLP	PARTNERSHIP FIRM	SOLE PROPRIETORSHIP
Legal Structure & Regulatory Authority	Governed by the Companies Act; has a separate legal entity.	Governed by the Companies Act; a single-member entity.	Regulated by the LLP Act, a hybrid form combining elements of a private limited company and a partnership firm.	Governed by the Indian Partnership Act; not a separate legal entity.	Not a separate legal entity; owned by an individual.
Ownership	Owned by shareholders.	Owned by a single individual.	Owned by partners.	Owned by partners.	Owned by a single individual.
Min & Max Members	Public Company: Minimum: 3 Directors & 3 Shareholders Private/Sec-8 Company: Minimum: 2 Directors & 2 Shareholders Maximum: 15 Directors &200 shareholders	Minimum 1 member; can convert to a private company if paid-up capital exceeds a threshold.	Minimum 2 partners; no maximum limit.	Minimum 2 partners; maximum 50 Partners.	Single owner.
Liability Of Owners	Limited liability for shareholders.	Limited liability for the sole member.	Limited liability for partners.	Unlimited liability for partners.	Unlimited liability for the owner.
Formation Process & Time	Formal process involving MOA, AOA; time-consuming.	Simplified formation similar to a private company; less time-consuming.	Requires LLP Agreement; less formal than a company; moderate time.	Informal, created through a partnership deed; relatively quick.	Simplest form; no formal registration; quick.
Documentation	MOA, AOA, and various statutory documents.	Similar to a private company; fewer documents.	LLP Agreement, other required documents.	Partnership deed.	Minimal documentation.
Registration Cost & Compliance	Higher registration costs; extensive compliance.	Moderate registration costs; similar compliance to a private company.	Lower registration costs; lesser compliance than a company.	Relatively lower registration costs; moderate compliance.	Minimal registration costs; minimal compliance.
Common Seal Usage	Required and commonly used for official documents.	Optional, not mandatory.	Not required, often not used.	Not applicable, as partnership firms do not have a common seal.	Not applicable, as sole proprietors do not have a common seal.
Perpetual Succession	Has perpetual succession.	Perpetual succession maintained.	Has perpetual succession.	Does not have perpetual succession.	Does not have perpetual succession.
Management & Decision Making	Board of Directors and shareholders.	Sole member manages the company.	Partners or designated managers.	Partners collectively manage.	Sole proprietor makes decisions.
PAN	Company has its own PAN Number	OPC has its own PAN Number	LLP has its own PAN Number	Partnership firm has its own PAN Number	Use sole proprietor PAN number, no separate PAN required.
Brand Image	Generally viewed as more formal and stable.	Carries a corporate image.	Seen as a hybrid, combining features of companies and partnerships.	Image varies; often associated with traditional businesses.	Image may vary; often associated with small businesses.
Priority In Tenders	Often enjoys higher priority in tenders due to its established corporate structure and credibility.	May have a moderate standing, with priority depending on the project and bidding conditions.	Tends to have moderate priority, influenced by the LLP's reputation and track record.	Priority varies, usually based on the partners' credentials and the firm's past performance.	Generally has lower priority, as tenders may favor entities with a more formal organizational structure.
Ease Of Loan	Generally has easier access to loans due to its separate legal entity status and established credit history.	May face challenges as it is a relatively new concept, and lenders may perceive higher risk.	Loan accessibility is moderate, dependent on the LLP's financial standing and partners' creditworthiness.	Access to loans can be limited, relying heavily on the partners' personal creditworthiness.	Limited access to loans, typically tied to the proprietor's personal credit history.
Employee Stock Options (ESOPS)	Commonly used for employee incentives.	ESOPs are permitted.	ESOPs are allowed but less common.	Limited use of ESOPs.	ESOPs are not applicable.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)	Generally allows FDI under specified conditions.	May be subject to FDI restrictions.	Permits FDI in sectors allowed by the government.	FDI regulations may apply.	Limited FDI options.
Compliance Requirements	More extensive compliance requirements.	Similar compliance requirements as a private company.	Lesser compliance requirements compared to a company.	Relatively fewer compliance requirements.	Minimal compliance requirements.
Statutory Audits	Mandatory statutory audit of financial statements.	Statutory audit is required.	Mandatory if the annual turnover exceeds a specified limit.	Not mandatory; partners may opt for an audit.	Statutory audit is not required unless prescribed by specific laws.
Income Tax Rates	For Domestic Companies: Up to a turnover of INR 400 crore: 25% Over INR 400 crore: 30% (plus applicable surcharge and cess) For Foreign Companies: 40%(plus applicable surcharge and cess)	Taxed at the same rates as companies.	Taxed at a flat rate of 30% (plus applicable surcharge and cess)	Taxed at a flat rate of 30% (plus applicable surcharge and cess)	Taxed at individual income tax rates (applicable slab rates for individual taxpayers)
Transferability Of Ownership	Shares can be transferred.	Ownership transfer is restricted.	Ownership transfer is possible with the consent of partners.	Transfer of partnership interest requires consent.	Ownership is not transferable.
Conversion Process	Can convert to LLP or OPC, subject to approvals.	Can convert to a private company.	Can convert to a private company, and vice versa.	Can convert to an LLP or company.	Can be converted into a company or LLP.
Dissolution Process	Winding up involves complex legal processes.	Winding up can be initiated voluntarily or by the Tribunal.	Winding up can be voluntary or through the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT).	Can be dissolved based on the partnership agreement.	Can be closed easily without complex legal procedures.